Female egg-laying reptiles can produce eggs even when a male is not present, so all females are at risk of being unable to pass an egg that has formed, a condition known as egg binding. Species that produce live young can also have difficulty giving birth, also known as dystocia.

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Airway and respiratory tract diseases are very common in pet birds. One such disease commonly is Aspergillosis, which is a fungal infection of the bird’s respiratory tract.

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Gallbladder mucocele causes obstruction of the gallbladder’s storage capacity due to the formation of a thick, mucoid bile mass inside the gallbladder, impairing its ability to function. The accumulated bile may extend the gallbladder, resulting in necrotizing cholecystitis – tissue death due to inflammation of the gallbladder.

Gallbladder mucocele is common among middle-aged to older dogs, particularly Shetland sheepdogs, cocker spaniels and miniature schnauzers, and is not gender-specific.

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Hyperlipemia is a blood disorder that occurs in overweight horses, as well as some donkeys. Horses with this condition have an abnormally high amount of fat in their blood. And although it only affects a small percentage of the world’s equine population, Hyperlipemia is a very serious disorder that has a high rate of mortality among those affected. For this reason, it is important to know the symptoms of this condition, so that you may seek immediate veterinary care for your horse if it is suspected of having Hyperlipemia.

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Much like in humans, prolonged exposure to cold results in a lowering of the cat’s body temperature and eventually hypothermia. This most likely occurs when the cat is wet, but it can also be due to malnutrition, shock, extreme cold environmental temperatures, or after prolonged doses of anesthesia.

If hypothermia persists for a long time, the animal tries to burn up the body reserves to increase heat production, which, in turn, leads to low blood glucose levels (or hypoglycemia).

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Rhinitis in rabbits is an inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane. Sinusitis is quite similar; it is an inflammation of the air-filled spaces surrounding the rabbit’s sinus or nasal cavity. Both of these conditions can cause respiratory problems and are often noticed because of the rabbit’s excessive sneezing and nasal discharge.

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Anemia in horses is defined as the shortage of hemoglobin – a protein that transports oxygen from the lungs through the blood – in their blood. There are different reasons for anemia, and it always occurs secondary to some other health issue the horse may be experiencing.

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An abscess is a lump or growth that you may find anywhere on your horse. It occurs as a result of an infection your horse’s body is combating. This lump is usually rather painful and as time passes it is likely to rupture, releasing nasty pus. The process may take up to a week to complete, and can be extremely uncomfortable for the horse.

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Turtles and tortoises do not have teeth, but instead grab and chew their food using the sharp edges of their beaks. If an animal’s beak becomes overgrown or does not wear properly, it may have difficulty eating.

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